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Add this game to your web page Archery War. Join other players talking about games. Visit the Y8 Forum. Tensions were further inflamed when a Korean civil airliner that had veered off course was shot down over a sensitive Soviet military zone. This was interpreted in the Kremlin as the build-up to a preemptive attack by the US, and Soviet media began to warn its people of an imminent nuclear strike.

Then, in early November, Nato started a war-game exercise, codenamed Able Archer 83, to rehearse procedures for the launch of nuclear weapons. The Soviet leadership issued orders to ready the nuclear arsenal for war.

Ronald Reagan exploited this theme in his campaign for the presidency in and, after his election, authorised a massive build-up of arms including new bombers, missiles and tanks, along with a dramatic increase in naval power. The Pentagon got almost everything it wanted. Reagan hoped ultimately to negotiate with the Soviets — but only from a position of strength.

Reagan was known for being deeply hostile to communism. As president of the Screen Actors Guild in the late s and s he had fought against what he saw as a communist conspiracy to infiltrate Hollywood. He viewed Marxism-Leninism as an ideology that put the state before the people, and which always used the end to justify any means. In his eyes, the end was nothing less than world domination, and he regularly quoted the words of Soviet leaders, from Lenin to Brezhnev, who had predicted the ultimate victory of world communism.

In his first press conference as president, Reagan described Soviet leaders as criminals, liars and cheats, claiming that they hid their real ambitions behind a language of peace and reconciliation. He would not be fooled by them. Everywhere he looked, Reagan saw the forces of communism advance in a plot orchestrated by the Kremlin. After the humiliation of US withdrawal from the Vietnam War in , that country — along with neighbouring Cambodia and Laos — fell to the communists.

In Africa, Cuban-backed guerrillas grew in numbers, and Angola and Mozambique fell to Soviet-backed regimes. Moscow further expanded its influence in Central America with the victory of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua in After the Soviets invaded Afghanistan that year, Reagan came to believe that they also threatened Iran and the Middle East.

He thought that unless America took a stand it risked losing the Cold War. Reagan knew that the economy of the United States was fundamentally strong.

The s witnessed the birth of a technological revolution that would transform society and create great wealth. This was what Reaganites believed free enterprise was about — enabling individuals to achieve their ambitions. He was suspicious of big government, and believed that its role needed to be cut back, especially in areas such as health and welfare provision.

So Reagan set out his stall: he aimed to defend freedom and democracy, and to lead the free world in a struggle against communism. He saw the conflict between democracy and communism as the battle between right and wrong, good and evil. But neither Reagan nor his security and intelligence advisers had any idea of the impact of their words and deeds on Moscow.

They carried on their anti-communist crusade without any sense of the panic they were generating in the Kremlin. Reagan believed, with the strength of a religious faith, that the Soviet system was deeply flawed — so many resources were allocated to military expenditure, while low priority was given to the manufacture of consumer goods or the welfare of the population.

In the Soviet Union, as he saw it, people did not matter and human rights meant nothing, because all efforts were devoted to building the strength of the state. His aim was to bring about this collapse as soon as possible. In this tense, febrile atmosphere, Nato began the exercise codenamed Able Archer In this communications war game, an imaginary conventional war against Warsaw Pact forces [the Soviet Union and seven satellite states] went wrong, leading Nato commanders to request permission to escalate the conflict and deploy nuclear weapons against a major Soviet Union target.

In the war game, permission to use nuclear weapons came on 9 November. By that night the Soviets were convinced this was no exercise but the build-up to a real pre-emptive nuclear strike. The situation looked very different from the Kremlin.

In the early s, the new US president was seen by the Soviets as aggressive and threatening, hurling out abuse in speech after speech. Soviet leaders were proud men: they presided over a vast country extending from the Arctic to the deserts of Central Asia, and from the border of Europe to the farthest points of east Asia.

They controlled a huge nuclear arsenal of tens of thousands of warheads and a military of five million men and women. To Moscow, the west represented an essentially individualistic, greedy, aggressive ethos.

Marxism-Leninism, by contrast, was committed to collective action for the good of everyone. Education and healthcare were free. There was no unemployment, and supposedly no crime.

Even if the reality was far from the ideal, they believed that it was a better and fairer system than that of the west. Leonid Brezhnev had led the Soviet Union for nearly two decades. He wanted peace with the west, while maintaining Soviet authority over the regimes of Eastern Europe.

He supported national liberation movements across the developing world, seeing an opportunity for the advance of socialism.



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