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Just Reduced Priced Homes for Sale. New Construction Homes. Homes with Private Pool. Slums sprout and continue for a combination of demographic, social, economic, and political reasons. Common causes include rapid rural-to-urban migration, poor planning, economic stagnation and depression, poverty, high unemployment, informal economy, colonialism and segregation, politics, natural disasters and social conflicts.
Rural-urban migration is one of the causes attributed to the formation and expansion of slums. Many people move to urban areas primarily because cities promise more jobs, better schools for poor's children, and diverse income opportunities than subsistence farming in rural areas.
Some rural-urban migrant workers cannot afford housing in cities and eventually settle down in only affordable slums. They thus expand the existing urban slums. According to Ali and Toran, social networks might also explain rural-urban migration and people's ultimate settlement in slums. In addition to migration for jobs, a portion of people migrate to cities because of their connection with relatives or families.
Once their family support in urban areas is in slums, those rural migrants intend to live with them in slums [52]. The formation of slums is closely linked to urbanization. Some scholars suggest that urbanization creates slums because local governments are unable to manage urbanization, and migrant workers without an affordable place to live in, dwell in slums.
In the early s, many African governments believed that slums would finally disappear with economic growth in urban areas. They neglected rapidly spreading slums due to increased rural-urban migration caused by urbanization. Another type of urbanization does not involve economic growth but economic stagnation or low growth, mainly contributing to slum growth in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia.
This type of urbanization involves a high rate of unemployment , insufficient financial resources and inconsistent urban planning policy. Urbanization might also force some people to live in slums when it influences land use by transforming agricultural land into urban areas and increases land value.
During the process of urbanization, some agricultural land is used for additional urban activities. More investment will come into these areas, which increases the land value. The income from the land will decline, which decreases the people's incomes in that area. The gap between people's low income and the high land price forces some people to look for and construct cheap informal settlements , which are known as slums in urban areas.
Many slums are part of economies of agglomeration in which there is an emergence of economies of scale at the firm level, transport costs and the mobility of the industrial labour force.
Alonso-Villar argues that the existence of transport costs implies that the best locations for a firm will be those with easy access to markets, and the best locations for workers, those with easy access to goods. The concentration is the result of a self-reinforcing process of agglomeration. Urban growth is dramatically intense in the less developed countries, where a large number of huge cities have started to appear; which means high poverty rates, crime, pollution and congestion.
Lack of affordable low cost housing and poor planning encourages the supply side of slums. Insufficient financial resources [70] and lack of coordination in government bureaucracy [63] are two main causes of poor house planning. Financial deficiency in some governments may explain the lack of affordable public housing for the poor since any improvement of the tenant in slums and expansion of public housing programs involve a great increase in the government expenditure.
In some cities, governments assume that the housing market will adjust the supply of housing with a change in demand. However, with little economic incentive, the housing market is more likely to develop middle-income housing rather than low-cost housing. The urban poor gradually become marginalized in the housing market where few houses are built to sell to them. Some of the slums in today's world are a product of urbanization brought by colonialism. For instance, the Europeans arrived in Kenya in the nineteenth century and created urban centers such as Nairobi mainly to serve their financial interests.
They regarded the Africans as temporary migrants and needed them only for supply of labor. The housing policy aiming to accommodate these workers was not well enforced and the government built settlements in the form of single-occupancy bedspaces.
Due to the cost of time and money in their movement back and forth between rural and urban areas, their families gradually migrated to the urban centre. As they could not afford to buy houses, slums were thus formed. Others were created because of segregation imposed by the colonialists. For example, Dharavi slum of Mumbai - now one of the largest slums in India , used to be a village referred to as Koliwadas, and Mumbai used to be referred as Bombay.
In , the British colonial government expelled all tanneries, other noxious industry and poor natives who worked in the peninsular part of the city and colonial housing area, to what was back then the northern fringe of the city - a settlement now called Dharavi.
This settlement attracted no colonial supervision or investment in terms of road infrastructure, sanitation, public services or housing. The poor moved into Dharavi, found work as servants in colonial offices and homes and in the foreign owned tanneries and other polluting industries near Dharavi. To live, the poor built shanty towns within easy commute to work. By , the year India became an independent nation of the commonwealth, Dharavi had blossomed into Bombay's largest slum.
Similarly, some of the slums of Lagos , Nigeria sprouted because of neglect and policies of the colonial era. Social exclusion and poor infrastructure forces the poor to adapt to conditions beyond his or her control.
Poor families that cannot afford transportation, or those who simply lack any form of affordable public transportation, generally end up in squat settlements within walking distance or close enough to the place of their formal or informal employment. Affordable public transport and economic infrastructure empowers poor people to move and consider housing options other than their current slums.
A growing economy that creates jobs at rate faster than population growth, offers people opportunities and incentive to relocate from poor slum to more developed neighborhoods. Economic stagnation, in contrast, creates uncertainties and risks for the poor, encouraging people to stay in the slums.
Economic stagnation in a nation with a growing population reduces per capita disposal income in urban and rural areas, increasing urban and rural poverty. Rising rural poverty also encourages migration to urban areas. A poorly performing economy, in other words, increases poverty and rural-to-urban migration, thereby increasing slums. Many slums grow because of growing informal economy which creates demand for workers. Informal economy is that part of an economy that is neither registered as a business nor licensed, one that does not pay taxes and is not monitored by local or state or federal government.
For example, in Benin, slum dwellers comprise 75 per cent of informal sector workers, while in Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Chad and Ethiopia, they make up 90 per cent of the informal labour force.
In other words, countries where starting, registering and running a formal business is difficult, tend to encourage informal businesses and slums. Everything else remaining same, this explosive growth in the informal sector is likely to be accompanied by a rapid growth of slums.
Urban poverty encourages the formation and demand for slums. The urban poor arrives with hope, and very little of anything else. He or she typically has no access to shelter, basic urban services and social amenities. Slums are often the only option for the urban poor. Many local and national governments have, for political interests, subverted efforts to remove, reduce or upgrade slums into better housing options for the poor.
Removal and replacement of slum created a conflict of interest, and politics prevented efforts to remove, relocate or upgrade the slums into housing projects that are better than the slums.
Similar dynamics are cited in favelas of Brazil, [94] slums of India, [95] [96] and shanty towns of Kenya. Scholars [12] [98] claim politics also drives rural-urban migration and subsequent settlement patterns. Pre-existing patronage networks, sometimes in the form of gangs and other times in the form of political parties or social activists, inside slums seek to maintain their economic, social and political power.
These social and political groups have vested interests to encourage migration by ethnic groups that will help maintain the slums, and reject alternate housing options even if the alternate options are better in every aspect than the slums they seek to replace. Millions of Lebanese people formed slums during the civil war from to Major natural disasters in poor nations often lead to migration of disaster-affected families from areas crippled by the disaster to unaffected areas, the creation of temporary tent city and slums, or expansion of existing slums.
Slums typically begin at the outskirts of a city. Over time, the city may expand past the original slums, enclosing the slums inside the urban perimeter. New slums sprout at the new boundaries of the expanding city, usually on publicly owned lands, thereby creating an urban sprawl mix of formal settlements, industry, retail zones and slums.
This makes the original slums valuable property, densely populated with many conveniences attractive to the poor. At their start, slums are typically located in least desirable lands near the town or city, that are state owned or philanthropic trust owned or religious entity owned or have no clear land title.
In cities located over a mountainous terrain, slums begin on difficult to reach slopes or start at the bottom of flood prone valleys, often hidden from plain view of city center but close to some natural water source. These strategies shield slums from the risk of being noticed and removed when they are small and most vulnerable to local government officials.
Initial homes tend to be tents and shacks that are quick to install, but as slum grows, becomes established and newcomers pay the informal association or gang for the right to live in the slum, the construction materials for the slums switches to more lasting materials such as bricks and concrete, suitable for slum's topography.
The original slums, over time, get established next to centers of economic activity, schools, hospitals, sources of employment, which the poor rely on. Established old slums, surrounded by the formal city infrastructure, cannot expand horizontally; therefore, they grow vertically by stacking additional rooms, sometimes for a growing family and sometimes as a source of rent from new arrivals in slums.
Informality of land tenure is a key characteristic of urban slums. The newcomers, having paid for the right, feel they have commercial right to the home in that slum. Secure land tenure is important for slum dwellers as an authentic recognition of their residential status in urban areas. It also encourages them to upgrade their housing facilities, which will give them protection against natural and unnatural hazards.
In addition, without registration of the land ownership, the government has difficulty in upgrading basic facilities and improving the living environment. Slum areas are characterized by substandard housing structures. Often the construction quality is inadequate to withstand heavy rains, high winds, or other local climate and location.
Paper, plastic, earthen floors, mud-and-wattle walls, wood held together by ropes, straw or torn metal pieces as roofs are some of the materials of construction. In some cases, brick and cement is used, but without attention to proper design and structural engineering requirements.
Overcrowding is another characteristic of slums. Many dwellings are single room units, with high occupancy rates. Each dwelling may be cohabited by multiple families. Five and more persons may share a one-room unit; the room is used for cooking, sleeping and living. Overcrowding is also seen near sources of drinking water, cleaning, and sanitation where one toilet may serve dozens of families.
One of the identifying characteristics of slums is the lack of or inadequate public infrastructure. Established, old slums sometimes garner official support and get some of these infrastructure such as paved roads and unreliable electricity or water supply. Slums often have very narrow alleys that do not allow vehicles including emergency vehicles to pass. The lack of services such as routine garbage collection allows rubbish to accumulate in huge quantities.
The lack of infrastructure is caused by the informal nature of settlement and no planning for the poor by government officials. Fires are often a serious problem. In many countries, local and national government often refuse to recognize slums, because the slum are on disputed land, or because of the fear that quick official recognition will encourage more slum formation and seizure of land illegally. Recognizing and notifying slums often triggers a creation of property rights, and requires that the government provide public services and infrastructure to the slum residents.
In other cases, the narrow and haphazard layout of slum streets, houses and substandard shacks, along with persistent threat of crime and violence against infrastructure workers, makes it difficult to layout reliable, safe, cost effective and efficient infrastructure. In yet others, the demand far exceeds the government bureaucracy's ability to deliver. Low socioeconomic status of its residents is another common characteristic attributed to slum residents.
Slums are often placed amongs the places vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides [] and floods. Some slums risk man-made hazards such as toxic industries , traffic congestion and collapsing infrastructure. Due to lack of skills and education as well as competitive job markets, [] many slum dwellers face high rates of unemployment. This can sometimes be licit informal economy or illicit informal economy without working contract or any social security.
Some of them are seeking jobs at the same time and some of those will eventually find jobs in formal economies after gaining some professional skills in informal sectors. Examples of licit informal economy include street vending, household enterprises, product assembly and packaging, making garlands and embroideries, domestic work, shoe polishing or repair, driving tuk-tuk or manual rickshaws, construction workers or manually driven logistics, and handicrafts production.
Typically these licit informal economies require the poor to regularly pay a bribe to local police and government officials. The slum-dwellers in informal economies run many risks. The informal sector, by its very nature, means income insecurity and lack of social mobility. There is also absence of legal contracts, protection of labor rights, regulations and bargaining power in informal employments.
Some scholars suggest that crime is one of the main concerns in slums. In Nairobi slums, for example, one fourth of all teenage girls are raped each year.
On the other hand, while UN-Habitat reports some slums are more exposed to crimes with higher crime rates for instance, the traditional inner-city slums , crime is not the direct resultant of block layout in many slums. Rather crime is one of the symptoms of slum dwelling; thus slums consist of more victims than criminals. Often in such circumstance, multiple gangs fight for control over revenue.
Namun, yang justru lebih krusial adalah perbandingan tarif berlangganan antara Internet seluler broadband dan Internet WiMax. Sayangnya, untuk saat ini kita tidak mempunyai pembanding tarif. Namun, kita dapat belajar dari negeri jiran atau tetangga, yaitu Malaysia, yang sudah memiliki layanan WiMax komersial sejak Juli Hingga saat ini, P1 baru membuka keran kecepatan paling tinggi di 10 Mbps dengan paket berlangganan RM sekitar Rp Layanan dari kubu seluler broadband yang mendekati paket P1 tersebut adalah paket layanan 12 GB dari Maxis dengan banderol RM Rp Artinya, dengan tarif lebih murah sekitar Rp Keunggulan Maxis terletak pada kuota data yang 2 GB lebih besar dibandingkan dengan P1, tetapi mungkin hal ini kurang signifikan untuk diperbandingakan.
Bagaimana perbandingan paket unlimited antara WiMax dan seluler broadband? Celcom merupakan satu-satunya operator seluler yang menawarkan Internet tanpa kuota data. Lawan tandingnya adalah paket unlimited P1 dengan banderol RM Rp P1 kalah bersaing dengan paket unlimited Celcom, karena tarifnya lebih mahal sekitar Rp Belajar dari pengalaman WiMax di Malaysia tersebut, sepertinya tidak ada yang istimewa dari kehadiran teknologi Internet cepat itu.
Bagaimana dengan nasib WiMax dari delapan pemegang lisensi di Tanah Air? Mudah-mudahan terjadi gebrakan, sehingga WiMax memberikan momentum bagi kita untuk menikmati akses Internet murah nan cepat.
Dia menambahkan dengan pesanan itu, perangkat lokal sudah layak untuk digunakan mendukung pelayanan teknologi akses WiMax. Menurut Budi, selama ini belum tersedianya pemesanan dalam jumlah besar membuat vendor kesulitan untuk melakukan pembuktian bahwa produsen lokal siap memenuhi komponen yang dipersyaratkan. Industri berharap basis volume produksi akan besar sehingga biaya dapat ditekan dan kemudian membuat harga layanan dipengguna akhir relatif terjangkau.
Desa berdering Dalam kesempatan terpisah Telkomsel optimistis dapat merampungkan pengoperasian desa berdering di sekitar Sarwoto Atmosutarno, Dirut Telkomsel, mengatakan meskipun saat ini seluruh material dan infrastruktur perangkat USO telah terkirim ke lokasi dan telah beroperasi di Menurut dia, selain dianggap paling terkenal pada operator berteknologi CDMA, merek itu juga disebut-sebut sebagai merek paling terkenal urutan ke dua dari seluruh operator di seluruh Indonesia.
Menurut dia, pesaing boleh saja mengklaim pangsa dan pelanggan lebih banyak. Akan tetapi, pencapaian mereka hanya didasarkan kepada aktivasi kartu. Branch Head Bandung PT Indosat Roganda P Manullang mengatakan, jika jumlah operator telekomunikasi belum menemui jumlah ideal, perang tarif menjadi hal yang tidak bisa dielakkan lagi.
Menurut dia, untuk menyentuh angka ideal perlu dilakukan beberapa merger antara operator telekomunikasi seperti yang dilakukan Fren dan Smart. Jumlah operator telekomunikasi di Indonesia, idealnya berjumlah 5 operator sehingga persaingan bisa lebih sehat. Bukan tidak mungkin saat ini tinggal 5. Dijelaskan, dengan berbagai perkembangan di bisnis telekomunikasi membuat wartel menjadi tidak memiliki daya saing.
Misalnya saja dengan tarif telepon yang semakin murah, harga pulsa dari Telkom yang umumnya digunakna oleh wartel, menjadi tidak kompetitif. Ditambahkan, sangat tidak kompetitif produk yang dijual wartel, sampai-sampai untuk menyewa tempat usaha dan menggaji pegawai tidak mungkin dilakukan pengusaha warel.
Akibat margin laba yang bisa mereka ambil terlalu kecil. Oleh karena itu, wartel yang masih bertahan saat ini bisa dipastikan tempat usahanya merupakan milik sendiri. Itu pun umumnya dibantu usaha lainnya di samping wartel, seperti jualan pulsa atau warung. Menurut dia, berdasarkan perhitungan tahun , hak air time yang harus dikembalikan kepada anggota APWI secara nasional nilainya kurang lebih Rp miliar.
Jumlah tersebut belum sepenuhnya dibayar dan masih bersisa Rp62 miliar. Penghargaan Perusahaan Idaman diberikan kepaa perusahaan yang diidam-idamkan untuk tempat bekerja dan meniti karier favorit oleh responden yang tersebat di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi.
Survei dilakukan pada September Hasilnya Telkom menjadi perusahaan yang paling banyak dipilih responden. Secara keseluruhan responden memilih Telkom karena dianggap memiliki standar gaji tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan perusahaan lain serta memberikan fasilitas tunjangan yang baik kepada karyawannya. Telkom juga dianggap sebagai perusahaan terbaik di industrinya dan dipersepsikan sebagai perusahaan besar, terkenal, dan memiliki manajemen bagus.
Menurut Eddy, pengakuan sebagai Perusahaan Idaman menunjukkan Telkom menjadi tempat pilihan dalam mendedikasikan ilmu dan menghasilkan karya-karya inovatif dan komersial yang berguna bagi keamjuan bangsa.
Kompetisi ini digelar bekerja sama dengan Beoscope dan Yamaha Musik Indonesia. Kompetisi ini mempertandingkan vidoeklip musik online yang diciptakan pelanggan Telkomsel dengan memanfaatkan kamera bahkan ponsel. Dengan berlangganan Rp1. Menurut Meijer, mekanisme berlangganan lagu lewat HP ini merupakan layanan pertama di dunia. Dari jumlah tersebut, katanya, yang terus aktif berlangganan setiap bulannya mencapai sekitar 2 juta nomor per operator, dengan konsumen terbesar berasal dari generasi muda.
Dia menilai skema pembagian keuntungan revenue sharing antara perusahaan rekaman dan operator seluler relatif adil, transparan, dan saling menguntungkan dengan skema standar Menurut dia, selain manfaat material, layanan nada sambung juga bermanfaat dalam jangka panjang yaitu menumbuhkembangkan kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia agar kembali membeli lagu secara legal. Dengan Rp1. Oleh karena itu, Esia sebagai merek dalam Bakrie Telecom, bertekad ikut membesarkan bisnis musik legal dengan merilis layanan unduh lagu penuh bertarif terjangkau serta merilis tiga seri bundling musik.
Esia juga menawarkan layanan tarif langganan Rp1. Operator ini menggandeng pula empat label rekaman ternama di dalam negeri yakni Sony Music Entertainment Indonesia, serta Warner Music Indonesia. Cukup download di Hape Esia Musik, ada jutaan lagu di dalamnya. Hal ini berlainan dengan operator lain yang dianggapnya sudah mengenakan tarif Rp untuk biaya akses datanya. Yakni ingin membudayakan masyarakat membeli atau unduh musik resmi, bukan beli bajakan. Wahyu Setianto, Asisten Administrasi Pemerintahan Sekkota Malang, menambahakn 50 menara yang masih belum berizin terus dipantau.
Jika pemilik menara masih belum juga mengurus perizinannya, maka petugas Satpol PP akan menindaknya lewat sanksi tipiring. Sanksi tipiring tindak pidana ringan sampai dua kali. Untuk kali ke tiga, jika menara tersebut belum juga dilengakpi izinnya, petugas melakukan penindakan dengan memutuskan aliran listrik.
Dengan begitu, lanjut dia, maka menara tersebut tidak bisa dioperasikan. Mereka sebenarnya tidak berniat abai peraturan, tetapi dikejar target menara tersebut harus beroperasi dalam waktu tertentu. Namun, dia tidak ingat detailnya.
Yang jelas, mencapai 10 menara lebih. Sementara itu, kata Atfiah, dari Total Tower di Kota Malang, nantinya ada lokasi yang akan ditetapkan menjadi titik menara bersama, serta dipersiapkan 60 lokasi baru.
Dia yakinkan, kebijakan tersebut tidak akan mengganggu keberadaan menara yang ada. Namun bagi provider baru, diwajibkan bergabung dengan menara yang sudah ada. Dengan adanya kebijakan tersebut, katanya, maka bagi provider yang ingin meningkatkan pelayanan tidak perlu membangun menara baru, tetapi cukup dengan menyewa menara yang sudah ada di kawasan itu.
Kebijakan tower bersama ini, dia tegaskan, menindaklanjuti peraturan bersama tiga menteri dan satu badan menyangkut penggunaan tower bersama. Herfini Haryono, Direktur Perencanaan dan Pengembangan PT Telkomsel, menuturkan pihaknya telah menerapkan virtualisasi sebagai langkah pembuktian konsep.
Dia menambahkan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam implementasi virtualisasi itu adalah pendapatan yang diraih dari lalu lintas data belum tentu sejalan dengan pertumbuhan pendapatan operator itu. Artinya pihaknya berupaya agar biaya bandwidth dan infrastruktur yang dikeluarkan dapat mendukung bisnis yang memberikan margin keuntungan. Adapun, data yang dimaksud mencakup data terkait dengan catatan transaksi keuangan dan aktivitas lainnya. Herfini mengakui dengan kondisi itu, tanpa tim TI yang baik, virtualisasi belum tentu serperti yang diharapkan.
Selain konsep virtualisasi, Telkomsel juga tertantang untuk menerapkan konsep TI ramah lingkungan go-green. Menurut dia, ada beberapa tantangan pada saat menyelesaikan proyek itu, yang umum dijumpai pada proyek-proyek TI berskala besar, terutama dalam spesifikasi teknis. XL diklaim sebagai operator pertama di Indonesia yang menerapkan solusi SAMI, solusi terbaru dari Cisco yang unik dengan menyataukan teknologi dan konsep managed services, untuk meningkatkan produktivitas operasional.
Saat ini, jaringan XL melayani sekitar 26,6 juta pelanggan yang didukung lebih dari XL bertekad menggenjot jumlah pelanggan.
Operator itu sudah mengantisipasinya a. Siaran pers Esia, kemarin, menyebutkan telah memperkenalkan dua handset Esia Musik yang baru di ajang itu khusus untuk menjaring pengguna ponsel yang gila musik. Melalui konser musik dan pengenalan kedua paket handset musik itu, Esia berharap pengenalan masyarakat Bandung terhadap Esia semakin kuat.
Anak usaha Bakrie Group ini masih fokus dalam meningkatakan jumlah pelanggan. Kita tidak pernah ketemu dengan Telkom, apalagi membicarakan mengenai akuisisi. Meijer menginginkan, Bakrie Telecom tumbuh pesat sesuai kemampuan. Karena itu, pihaknya tengah fokus pada peningkatan jumlah pelanggan akhir tahun ini sebanyak 10,5 juta pelanggan. Menurutnya, Bakrie Telecom yakin terus berkembang seiring inovasi-inovasi pada konsumen. Meijer juga menajmin isu rencana akuisisi Telkom tersebut tidak akan mempengaruhi kinerja Bakrie Telecom.
Pihaknya berencana meminta kejelasan direksi Telkom mengenai kabar itu. Sebelumnya, salah satu direksi Telkom mengaku tengah mengincar Bakrie Telecom.
Vice President Public and Marketing Communication Telkom Eddy Kurnia mengatakan, Telkom hingga saat ini belum punya rencana mengakuisisi operator telekomunikasi manapun. Menurut dia, perseroan hanya akan melakukan merger atau akuisisi jika berkaitan dengan transformasi bisnis seperti bidang telecommunication, information, media dan edutainment TIME. Kata Eddy, pemberitaan yang menyebutkan seolah-oleh Telkom akan mengakuisisi perusahaan telekomunikasi berbasis CDMA, perlu diluruskan.
Pasalnya, para pemegang obligasi EXCL tidak bisa terindentifikasi keberadaannya. Semula, XL sempat keberatan dan meminta banding ke Pengadilan Pajak. Namun, hitungan yang dilakukan Dirjen Pajak dengan akuntan XL berbeda. Karena merasa keberatan, EXCL memiliki membeli kembali seluruh obligasinya tersebut. Aksi pembelian obligasi pertama telah mereka lakukan pada 30 Juni Dia menjelaskan, selama ini, XL mengandalkan kas internal untuk melancarkan aksi buyback.
Avanty Nurdiana. Penghargaan sebagai Perusahaan Idaman diberikan kepada perusahaan-perusahaan yang dinilai menjadi perusahaan yang diidam-idamkan sebagai tempat bekerja favorit oleh para responden pada Soesetiyo sebagai pihak penyelenggara di Jakarta baru-baru ini.
Menurut dia, pengakuan itu juga menunjukkan Indosat menjadi tempat pilihan dalam mendedikasikan ilmu dan menghasilkan karya-karya inovatif dunia profesional. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pemilihan perusahaan idaman itu meliputi survei terhadap responden yang terdiri dari para karyawan di perusahan besar di Jabodetabek, dengan jumlah responden orang yang bekerja pada perusahaan skala menengah ke atas. Alasan keseluruhan para responden memilih perusahaan-perusahaan idaman adalah karena perusahaan-perusahaan ini dianggap memiliki standar gaji yang tinggi dibandingkan perusahaan lain dan memberikan fasilitas tunjangan yang baik kepada karyawannya.
Perusahaan pilihan itu juga dianggap sebagai perusahaan terbaik diindustrinya serta dipersepsikan sebagai perusahaan besar, terkenal, dan memiliki manajemen organisasi yang bagus. Penghargaan diterima Indosat untuk dua kategori, yaitu kategori Reputasi Perusahaan Corporate Reputation dan kategori Inovasi Inovation.
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